Recognizing Trauma in Children and How to Support Them

When a child goes through a traumatic event, they can experience very strong emotions and physical reactions. These reactions may resolve in the weeks that follow or they may be complicated by individual or situational factors such as family/peer support, personal coping skills, family history, or previous trauma.
Repetitive or ongoing trauma can create significant difficulties or can have long term effects on the way that children form attachments and the way that their brain develops. Repetitive and ongoing trauma includes adverse childhood experiences such as sexual, physical, and emotional abuse.

Emotional abuse can be very complex and can include social, cognitive or physiological neglect, deprivation of affection or cognitive stimulation, exposure to family violence or severe domestic disharmony, inappropriate criticism, threats, humiliation, accusations or expectations of or toward the child, the mental or emotional condition of the guardian of the child or of anyone living in the same residence as the child, chronic alcohol or drug abuse by the guardian or by anyone living in the same residence as the child.

Facial mimicry is an automatic response where we unconsciously replicate the facial expressions of those around us.

• Emotional upset such as irritability, anger, and mood swings
• Disruptions in sleeping patterns or nightmares
• Separation anxiety
• Regression – this is where children will revert to earlier stages of development and exhibit behaviours such as bed wetting, clinging, baby talk, or tantrums.
• Physical complaints
• Behavioural change
• Avoidance

Given the complexity of trauma it is always a good idea to reach out to more formal supports. It may feel overwhelming or like you are not qualified, but there are many ways that you can also provide support to your child if they have experienced trauma.

Children need to see that the adult figures that they are attached to can provide them with protection, predictability, and consistency. Having a routine can help with a sense of stability for a child who is going through change. Be a positive role model for your child by expressing your thoughts and emotions in a healthy and appropriate way. Have empathy and compassion towards them. It is okay to feel like you do not have all the answers, it is just as important to be a good listener too. Do not be afraid to have natural discussions with your children that are brief and honest and allow them an opportunity to ask questions. Most importantly, help children enjoy themselves. Plan activities for them, make time for them, arrange play time for them with other children, it is important that you identify something positive and express hope for the future to help your child recover.